\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{array,amsmath,mathptmx,xcolor,bbding,pifont,colortbl}
\usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
% 只需要这个就可以
\usepackage[thicklines]{cancel}
% 可以设置线条颜色，默认是黑色
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz-cd}
\usepackage{tikz,graphicx,subfig,caption} % Required for drawing custom shapes
\usetikzlibrary{fit,matrix,chains,arrows,shapes,positioning,arrows.meta,chains,shadows,shapes.callouts,decorations.text,shapes.symbols,shapes.misc, positioning,decorations.pathreplacing,calc}

% 额外添加
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\usepackage{diagbox} 

\begin{document} 
	\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,every node/.style={anchor=south west,,inner sep=0,fill=white}]
		\node(Figure24)[anchor=north,fill=white] at (0,0){  
			\begin{tabular}{|>{\columncolor{orange!40}}p{3em}|p{3em}|p{3em}|p{3em}|p{3em}|p{3em}|p{3em}|p{3em}|}
				\hline 
				\rowcolor{orange!40}  & a & b & c & d & \# & Z & A\\ \hline
				0 & a2 &   &   &   &   & Z1 &  \\ \hline
				1 &   &   &   &   & OK & &  \\ \hline
				2 &   & {\textcolor{red}{r(3)}} & c(5) &   &   &   & A3\\ \hline
				3 &   & b4 &   &   &   &   &  \\ \hline
				4 & r(1) & r(1) & r(1) & r(1) & r(1) &   &  \\ \hline
				5 &   &   &   & d6 &   &   &  \\ \hline
				6 & r(2) & r(2) & r(2) & r(2) & r(2) &   &  \\ \hline
			\end{tabular}
		};
		\color{red}\draw ([xshift=12em,yshift=0.75em]Figure24.west)ellipse(2 and 0.5);
		\node(note1)[fill=cyan!50,rectangle callout,callout relative pointer={(0.5,-0.1)},rounded corners,align=center,inner sep=0.3em] at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=0.5em]Figure24.north){ SLR(1)分析表 };
		\node(note2)[fill=pink!50,rectangle callout,callout relative pointer={(-3.5,0.75)},rounded corners,align=center,inner sep=0.3em] at ([xshift=9em,yshift=2em]Figure24.south){ 注意与LR(0)\\分析表的区别！ };
		
		\color{black}\draw ([xshift=-16.75em,yshift=0em]Figure24.north) -- ([xshift=-12.5em,yshift=-1.25em]Figure24.north);
		
	\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}